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It is concerned with the formation of ova, fertilization, foetal development and child birth. It is located in pelvis region. It consists of following parts:
Ovaries
these are the primary sex organs of female. These are small sized structure that remains suspended in abdominal cavity by mesentery called mesovarium. Each ovary lined by cuboidal germinal epithelium. There is weakly developed connective tissue layer, called tunica albugenia. There are number of small, oval or rounded ovarian follicle in different stage of oogenesis in region of ovary. Every month primary follicle transformed into mature follicle under stimulation of FSH.
Graffian follicle has a secondary oocyte surrounded by few layer of follicular cells. Ovaries are concerned with the formation of ova and secretion of female sex hormones.
Fallopian tube
it is one paired long, ciliated, muscular tube that extends from periphery of ovary to uterus. Each tube divided into three parts: ampula, isthmus and uterine part. Fallopian tube concerned with the conduction of ovum or zygote towards the uterus by peristaltic and cilliary action. It is the site of fertilization.
Uterus
It is hollow muscular, highly vascularised and innervated pear shaped structure that present in the pelvis region.
Vagina
It is long fibro muscular tube that lined by the non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. It finally opens into vaginal orifice. Vagina acts as both copulation canals as it receives the sperms from penis during copulation and birth canal during parturition.
Vulva
it is external genetalia of female. The vestibular (region) part has two apertures upper external uretheral orifice and lower vaginal orifice. Vaginal orifice is partially covered by membranous fold, called hymen. It is often torn during the first intercourse. Vestibule is covered by two pairs of moist skin folds with sebaceous glands. Inner small pair called labia minora and outer larger pair called labia majora. Labia minora anteriorly fuses to form a skin fold called prepuce present in front of clitoris. Clitoris is a sensitive portion which is homologous to penis. Labia minora posteriorly fuses to form a membranous fold that called forchette.
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